000007701 001__ 7701
000007701 005__ 20260105155503.0
000007701 0247_ $$2DOI$$a 10.1007/s11207-025-02561-6
000007701 037__ $$aSCART-2026-0009
000007701 100__ $$aRyan, Daniel F. 
000007701 245__ $$aSolar Orbiter's 2024 Major Flare Campaigns: An Overview
000007701 260__ $$c2025
000007701 520__ $$aSolar Orbiter conducted a series of flare-optimised observing campaigns in 2024 using the Major Flare Solar Orbiter Observing Plan (SOOP). Dedicated observations were performed during two distinct perihelia intervals in March/April and October, during which over 22 flares were observed, ranging from B- to M-class. These campaigns leveraged high-resolution and high-cadence observations from the mission’s remote-sensing suite, including the High-Resolution EUV Imager (EUI/HRIEUV), the Spectrometer/Telescope for Imaging X-rays (STIX), the Spectral Imaging of the Coronal Environment (SPICE) spectrometer, and the High Resolution Telescope of the Polarimetric and Helioseismic Imager (PHI/HRT), as well as coordinated ground-based and Earth-orbiting observations. EUI/HRIEUV, operating in short-exposure modes, provided two-second-cadence, non-saturated EUV images, revealing structures and dynamics on scales not previously observed. Simultaneously, STIX captured hard X-ray imaging and spectroscopy of accelerated electrons, while SPICE acquired EUV slit spectroscopy to probe chromospheric and coronal responses. Together, these observations offer an unprecedented view of magnetic reconnection, energy release, particle acceleration, and plasma heating across a broad range of temperatures and spatial scales. These campaigns have generated a rich dataset that will be the subject of numerous future studies addressing Solar Orbiter’s top-level science goal: “How do solar eruptions produce energetic particle radiation that fills the heliosphere?”. This paper presents the scientific motivations, operational planning, and observational strategies behind the 2024 flare campaigns, along with initial insights into the observed flares. We also discuss lessons learned for optimizing future Solar Orbiter Major Flare campaigns and provide a resource for researchers aiming to utilize these unique observations.
000007701 594__ $$aSTCE
000007701 6531_ $$aSolar Orbiter
000007701 6531_ $$aEUI
000007701 6531_ $$aflare
000007701 700__ $$aHayes, Laura A. 
000007701 700__ $$aCollier, Hannah
000007701 700__ $$aKerr, Graham S. 
000007701 700__ $$aInglis, Andrew R. 
000007701 700__ $$aWilliams, David
000007701 700__ $$aWalsh, Andrew P.
000007701 700__ $$aJanvier, Miho 
000007701 700__ $$aMüller, Daniel 
000007701 700__ $$aBerghmans, David
000007701 700__ $$aVerbeeck, Cis
000007701 700__ $$aKraaikamp, Emil 
000007701 700__ $$aYoung, Peter R. 
000007701 700__ $$aKucera, Therese A.
000007701 700__ $$aKrucker, Säm 
000007701 700__ $$aStiefel, Muriel Z.
000007701 700__ $$aCalchetti, Daniele
000007701 700__ $$aReeves, Katharine K. 
000007701 700__ $$aSavage, Sabrina
000007701 700__ $$aPolito, Vanessa
000007701 773__ $$n11$$pSolar Physics$$v300$$y2025
000007701 8560_ $$fdavid.berghmans@ksb-orb.be
000007701 85642 $$ahttps://arxiv.org/abs/2505.07472
000007701 85642 $$ahttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11207-025-02561-6
000007701 905__ $$apublished in
000007701 980__ $$aREFERD