6458 20240228164126.0 10.1029/2023JA031548 DOI SCART-2023-0149 Sayez, Niels SunSCC: segmenting, grouping and classifying sunspots from ground-based observations using deep learning 2023 B2 / 191/ P2/DeepSun STCE We automatically detect, cluster, and classify sunspots using ground-based white light observations and deep learning methods. Our method achieves comparable results to those obtained in the literature on space-based continuum and magnetogram observations. Ensembles of classifiers are effective in discriminating reliable and likely erroneous predictions on the sunspot classification. De Vleeschouwer, Christophe Delouille, Veronique Bechet, Sabrina Lefèvre, Laure Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 128 12 veronique.delouille@observatoire.be published in REFERD