5782 20241203110701.0 10.1126/science.abo7063 DOI SCART-2022-0063 Matoza, R.S. Atmospheric waves and global seismoacoustic observations of the January 2022 Hunga eruption, Tonga 2022 The 15 January 2022 climactic eruption of Hunga volcano, Tonga, produced an explosion in the atmosphere of a size that has not been documented in the modern geophysical record. The event generated a broad range of atmospheric waves observed globally by various ground-based and spaceborne instrumentation networks. Most prominent was the surface-guided Lamb wave (≲0.01 hertz), which we observed propagating for four (plus three antipodal) passages around Earth over 6 days. As measured by the Lamb wave amplitudes, the climactic Hunga explosion was comparable in size to that of the 1883 Krakatau eruption. The Hunga eruption produced remarkable globally detected infrasound (0.01 to 20 hertz), long-range (~10,000 kilometers) audible sound, and ionospheric perturbations. Seismometers worldwide recorded pure seismic and air-to-ground coupled waves. Air-to-sea coupling likely contributed to fast-arriving tsunamis. Here, we highlight exceptional observations of the atmospheric waves. NO volcanology seismology acoustics Lamb wave global impact eruption explosion open data Fee, D. Assink, J.D. Iezzi, A.M. Green, D.N. Kim, K. Toney, L. Lecocq, T. Krishnamoorthy, S. Lalande, J.-M. Nishida, K. Gee, K.L. Haney, M.M. Ortiz, H.D. Brissaud, Q. Martire, L. Rolland, L. Vergados, P. Nippress, A. Park, J. Shani-Kadmiel, S. Witsil, A. Arrowsmith, S. Caudron, C. Watada, S. Perttu, A.B. Taisne, B. Mialle, P. Le Pichon, A. Vergoz, J. Hupe, P. Blom, P.S. Waxler, R. De Angelis, S. Snively, J.B. Ringler, A.T. Anthony, R.E. Jolly, A.D. Kilgour, G. Averbuch, G. Ripepe, M. Ichihara, M. Arciniega-Ceballos, A. Astafyeva, E. Ceranna, L. Cevuard, S. Che, I.-Y. De Negri, R. Ebeling, C.W. Evers, L.G. Franco-Marin, L.E. Gabrielson, T.B. Hafner, K. Harrison, R.G. Komjathy, A. Lacanna, G. Lyons, J. Macpherson, K.A. Marchetti, E. McKee, K.F. Mellors, R.J. Mendo-Pérez, G. Mikesell, T.D. Munaibari, E. Oyola-Merced, M. Park, I. Pilger, C. Ramos, C. Ruiz, M.C. Sabatini, R. Schwaiger, H.F. Tailpied, D. Talmadge, C. Vidot, J. Webster, J. Wilson, D.C. Science First Release 2022 thomas.lecocq@observatoire.be https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abo7063 2159531 http://publi2-as.oma.be/record/5782/files/science.abo7063-f2.jpg Ground-based observations. (A) Lamb wave arrival times for 2022 Hunga eruption (black) compared with 1883 Krakatau eruption (blue). (Inset) Lamb A1 arrival waveform comparison (3). Global record sections of (B) barometer, (C) infrasound, and (D) seismic data showing the multiple arrivals and wave passages (see Fig. 1A, inset); waveforms aggregated by radial distance (fig. S7). A separate Rayleigh R1 is associated with the later ~08:31 event. (E) Colocated microbarometer (black), infrasound sensor (blue), and seismometer (orange) waveforms; lower panel shows inverted displacement envelope. (F) Wideband peak-to-peak pressure versus distance comparing 2022 Hunga with large historical explosive events (table S2). 27595 http://publi2-as.oma.be/record/5782/files/science.abo7063-f2.gif?subformat=icon icon Ground-based observations. (A) Lamb wave arrival times for 2022 Hunga eruption (black) compared with 1883 Krakatau eruption (blue). (Inset) Lamb A1 arrival waveform comparison (3). Global record sections of (B) barometer, (C) infrasound, and (D) seismic data showing the multiple arrivals and wave passages (see Fig. 1A, inset); waveforms aggregated by radial distance (fig. S7). A separate Rayleigh R1 is associated with the later ~08:31 event. (E) Colocated microbarometer (black), infrasound sensor (blue), and seismometer (orange) waveforms; lower panel shows inverted displacement envelope. (F) Wideband peak-to-peak pressure versus distance comparing 2022 Hunga with large historical explosive events (table S2). 47536 http://publi2-as.oma.be/record/5782/files/science.abo7063-f2.jpg?subformat=icon-180 icon-180 Ground-based observations. (A) Lamb wave arrival times for 2022 Hunga eruption (black) compared with 1883 Krakatau eruption (blue). (Inset) Lamb A1 arrival waveform comparison (3). Global record sections of (B) barometer, (C) infrasound, and (D) seismic data showing the multiple arrivals and wave passages (see Fig. 1A, inset); waveforms aggregated by radial distance (fig. S7). A separate Rayleigh R1 is associated with the later ~08:31 event. (E) Colocated microbarometer (black), infrasound sensor (blue), and seismometer (orange) waveforms; lower panel shows inverted displacement envelope. (F) Wideband peak-to-peak pressure versus distance comparing 2022 Hunga with large historical explosive events (table S2). published in REFERD