5535 20220104121203.0 10.1051/0004-6361/202039498 DOI SCART-2022-0006 Gaia Collaboration Gaia Early Data Release 3. The Gaia Catalogue of Nearby Stars 2021 Aims: We produce a clean and well-characterised catalogue of objects within 100 pc of the Sun from the Gaia Early Data Release 3. We characterise the catalogue through comparisons to the full data release, external catalogues, and simulations. We carry out a first analysis of the science that is possible with this sample to demonstrate its potential and best practices for its use. Methods: Theselection of objects within 100 pc from the full catalogue used selected training sets, machine-learning procedures, astrometric quantities, and solution quality indicators to determine a probability that the astrometric solution is reliable. The training set construction exploited the astrometric data, quality flags, and external photometry. For all candidates we calculated distance posterior probability densities using Bayesian procedures and mock catalogues to define priors. Any object with reliable astrometry and a non-zero probability of being within 100 pc is included in the catalogue. Results: We have produced a catalogue of 331 312 objects that we estimate contains at least 92% of stars of stellar type M9 within 100 pc of the Sun. We estimate that 9% of the stars in this catalogue probably lie outside 100 pc, but when the distance probability function is used, a correct treatment of this contamination is possible. We produced luminosity functions with a high signal-to-noise ratio for the main-sequence stars, giants, and white dwarfs. We examined in detail the Hyades cluster, the white dwarf population, and wide-binary systems and produced candidate lists for all three samples. We detected local manifestations of several streams, superclusters, and halo objects, in which we identified 12 members of Gaia Enceladus. We present the first direct parallaxes of five objects in multiple systems within 10 pc of the Sun. Conclusions: We provide the community with a large, well-characterised catalogue of objects in the solar neighbourhood. This is a primary benchmark for measuring and understanding fundamental parameters and descriptive functions in astronomy. Tables are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/649/A6 Gaia-Prodex/ Gaia-Prodex/ Gaia-Prodex NO catalogs astrometry stars: luminosity function mass function Hertzsprung-Russell and C-M diagrams stars: low-mass solar neighborhood Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies Smart, R. L. Sarro, L. M. Rybizki, J. Reylé, C. Robin, A. C. Hambly, N. C. Abbas, U. Barstow, M. A. de Bruijne, J. H. J. Bucciarelli, B. Carrasco, J. M. Cooper, W. J. Hodgkin, S. T. Masana, E. Michalik, D. Sahlmann, J. Sozzetti, A. Brown, A. G. A. Vallenari, A. Prusti, T. Babusiaux, C. Biermann, M. Creevey, O. L. Evans, D. W. Eyer, L. Hutton, A. Jansen, F. Jordi, C. Klioner, S. A. Lammers, U. Lindegren, L. Luri, X. Mignard, F. Panem, C. Pourbaix, D. Randich, S. Sartoretti, P. Soubiran, C. Walton, N. A. Arenou, F. Bailer-Jones, C. A. L. Bastian, U. Cropper, M. Drimmel, R. Katz, D. Lattanzi, M. G. van Leeuwen, F. Bakker, J. Castañeda, J. De Angeli, F. Ducourant, C. Fabricius, C. Fouesneau, M. Frémat, Y. Guerra, R. Guerrier, A. Guiraud, J. Jean-Antoine Piccolo, A. Messineo, R. Mowlavi, N. Nicolas, C. Nienartowicz, K. Pailler, F. Panuzzo, P. Riclet, F. Roux, W. Seabroke, G. M. Sordo, R. Tanga, P. Thévenin, F. Gracia-Abril, G. Portell, J. Teyssier, D. Altmann, M. Andrae, R. Bellas-Velidis, I. Benson, K. Berthier, J. Blomme, R. Brugaletta, E. Burgess, P. W. Busso, G. Carry, B. Cellino, A. Cheek, N. Clementini, G. Damerdji, Y. Davidson, M. Delchambre, L. Dell'Oro, A. Fernández-Hernández, J. Galluccio, L. García-Lario, P. Garcia-Reinaldos, M. González-Núñez, J. Gosset, E. Haigron, R. Halbwachs, J. -L. Harrison, D. L. Hatzidimitriou, D. Heiter, U. Hernández, J. Hestroffer, D. Holl, B. Janßen, K. Jevardat de Fombelle, G. Jordan, S. Krone-Martins, A. Lanzafame, A. C. Löffler, W. Lorca, A. Manteiga, M. Marchal, O. Marrese, P. M. Moitinho, A. Mora, A. Muinonen, K. Osborne, P. Pancino, E. Pauwels, T. Recio-Blanco, A. Richards, P. J. Riello, M. Rimoldini, L. Roegiers, T. Siopis, C. Smith, M. Ulla, A. Utrilla, E. van Leeuwen, M. van Reeven, W. Abreu Aramburu, A. Accart, S. Aerts, C. Aguado, J. J. Ajaj, M. Altavilla, G. Álvarez, M. A. Álvarez Cid-Fuentes, J. Alves, J. Anderson, R. I. Anglada Varela, E. Antoja, T. Audard, M. Baines, D. Baker, S. G. Balaguer-Núñez, L. Balbinot, E. Balog, Z. Barache, C. Barbato, D. Barros, M. Bartolomé, S. Bassilana, J. -L. Bauchet, N. Baudesson-Stella, A. Becciani, U. Bellazzini, M. Bernet, M. Bertone, S. Bianchi, L. Blanco-Cuaresma, S. Boch, T. Bombrun, A. Bossini, D. Bouquillon, S. Bragaglia, A. Bramante, L. Breedt, E. Bressan, A. Brouillet, N. Burlacu, A. Busonero, D. Butkevich, A. G. Buzzi, R. Caffau, E. Cancelliere, R. Cánovas, H. Cantat-Gaudin, T. Carballo, R. Carlucci, T. Carnerero, M. I. Casamiquela, L. Castellani, M. Castro-Ginard, A. Castro Sampol, P. Chaoul, L. Charlot, P. Chemin, L. Chiavassa, A. Cioni, M. -R. L. Comoretto, G. Cornez, T. Cowell, S. Crifo, F. Crosta, M. Crowley, C. Dafonte, C. Dapergolas, A. David, M. David, P. de Laverny, P. De Luise, F. De March, R. De Ridder, J. de Souza, R. de Teodoro, P. de Torres, A. del Peloso, E. F. del Pozo, E. Delgado, A. Delgado, H. E. Delisle, J. -B. Di Matteo, P. Diakite, S. Diener, C. Distefano, E. Dolding, C. Eappachen, D. Edvardsson, B. Enke, H. Esquej, P. Fabre, C. Fabrizio, M. Faigler, S. Fedorets, G. Fernique, P. Fienga, A. Figueras, F. Fouron, C. Fragkoudi, F. Fraile, E. Franke, F. Gai, M. Garabato, D. Garcia-Gutierrez, A. García-Torres, M. Garofalo, A. Gavras, P. Gerlach, E. Geyer, R. Giacobbe, P. Gilmore, G. Girona, S. Giuffrida, G. Gomel, R. Gomez, A. Gonzalez-Santamaria, I. González-Vidal, J. J. Granvik, M. Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R. Guy, L. P. Hauser, M. Haywood, M. Helmi, A. Hidalgo, S. L. Hilger, T. Hładczuk, N. Hobbs, D. Holland, G. Huckle, H. E. Jasniewicz, G. Jonker, P. G. Juaristi Campillo, J. Julbe, F. Karbevska, L. Kervella, P. Khanna, S. Kochoska, A. Kontizas, M. Kordopatis, G. Korn, A. J. Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z. Kruszyńska, K. Lambert, S. Lanza, A. F. Lasne, Y. Le Campion, J. -F. Le Fustec, Y. Lebreton, Y. Lebzelter, T. Leccia, S. Leclerc, N. Lecoeur-Taibi, I. Liao, S. Licata, E. Lindstrøm, H. E. P. Lister, T. A. Livanou, E. Lobel, A. Madrero Pardo, P. Managau, S. Mann, R. G. Marchant, J. M. Marconi, M. Marcos Santos, M. M. S. Marinoni, S. Marocco, F. Marshall, D. J. Martin Polo, L. Martín-Fleitas, J. M. Masip, A. Massari, D. Mastrobuono-Battisti, A. Mazeh, T. McMillan, P. J. Messina, S. Millar, N. R. Mints, A. Molina, D. Molinaro, R. Molnár, L. Montegriffo, P. Mor, R. Morbidelli, R. Morel, T. Morris, D. Mulone, A. F. Munoz, D. Muraveva, T. Murphy, C. P. Musella, I. Noval, L. Ordénovic, C. Orrù, G. Osinde, J. Pagani, C. Pagano, I. Palaversa, L. Palicio, P. A. Panahi, A. Pawlak, M. Peñalosa Esteller, X. Penttilä, A. Piersimoni, A. M. Pineau, F. -X. Plachy, E. Plum, G. Poggio, E. Poretti, E. Poujoulet, E. Prša, A. Pulone, L. Racero, E. Ragaini, S. Rainer, M. Raiteri, C. M. Rambaux, N. Ramos, P. Ramos-Lerate, M. Re Fiorentin, P. Regibo, S. Ripepi, V. Riva, A. Rixon, G. Robichon, N. Robin, C. Roelens, M. Rohrbasser, L. Romero-Gómez, M. Rowell, N. Royer, F. Rybicki, K. A. Sadowski, G. Sagristà Sellés, A. Salgado, J. Salguero, E. Samaras, N. Sanchez Gimenez, V. Sanna, N. Santoveña, R. Sarasso, M. Schultheis, M. Sciacca, E. Segol, M. Segovia, J. C. Ségransan, D. Semeux, D. Shahaf, S. Siddiqui, H. I. Siebert, A. Siltala, L. Slezak, E. Solano, E. Solitro, F. Souami, D. Souchay, J. Spagna, A. Spoto, F. Steele, I. A. Steidelmüller, H. Stephenson, C. A. Süveges, M. Szabados, L. Szegedi-Elek, E. Taris, F. Tauran, G. Taylor, M. B. Teixeira, R. Thuillot, W. Tonello, N. Torra, F. Torra, J. Turon, C. Unger, N. Vaillant, M. van Dillen, E. Vanel, O. Vecchiato, A. Viala, Y. Vicente, D. Voutsinas, S. Weiler, M. Wevers, T. Wyrzykowski, Ł. Yoldas, A. Yvard, P. Zhao, H. Zorec, J. Zucker, S. Zurbach, C. Zwitter, T. Astronomy & Astrophysics 649 2021 A6 ronny.blomme@observatoire.be https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2021/05/aa39498-20/aa39498-20.html published in REFERD