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  <controlfield tag="001">4749</controlfield>
  <controlfield tag="005">20200203142330.0</controlfield>
  <datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">10.3847/2041-8213/ab398b</subfield>
    <subfield code="2">DOI</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="037" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">SCART-2020-0051</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="100" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Lopez, R. A.</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="245" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Particle-in-cell simulations of the whistler heat-flux instability in the solar wind conditions</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="260" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="c">2019</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">In collision-poor plasmas from space, e.g., solar wind or stellar outflows, the heat flux carried by the strahl or beaming electrons is expected to be regulated by the self-generated instabilities. Recently, simultaneous field and particle observations have indeed revealed enhanced whistler-like fluctuations in the presence of counter-beaming populations of electrons, connecting these fluctuations to the whistler heat-flux instability (WHFI). This instability is predicted only for limited conditions of electron beam-plasmas, and has not yet been captured in numerical simulations. In this Letter we report the first simulations of WHFI in particle-in-cell setups, realistic for the solar wind conditions, and without temperature gradients or anisotropies to trigger the instability in the initiation phase. The velocity distributions have a complex reaction to the enhanced whistler fluctuations conditioning the instability saturation by a decrease of the relative drifts combined with induced (effective) temperature anisotropies (heating the core electrons and pitch-angle and energy scattering the strahl). These results are in good agreement with a recent quasilinear approach, and support therefore a largely accepted belief that WHFI saturates at moderate amplitudes. In the anti-sunward direction the strahl becomes skewed with a pitch-angle distribution decreasing in width as electron energy increases, which seems to be characteristic of self-generated whistlers and not to small-scale turbulence.</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="594" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">NO</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="653" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">methods: numerical; plasmas; solar wind; waves; instabilities; interplanetary medium; Physics - Plasma Physics; Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics; Physics - Space Physics </subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Shaaban, S. M.</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Lazar, M.</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Poedts, S.</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Yoon, P. H.</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Micera, A.</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Lapenta, G.</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="773" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="p">ApJL</subfield>
    <subfield code="v">882</subfield>
    <subfield code="n">1</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">L8</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="856" ind1="0" ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="f">alfredo.micera@observatoire.be</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="905" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">published in</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">REFERD</subfield>
  </datafield>
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