000007245 001__ 7245
000007245 005__ 20250107085900.0
000007245 0247_ $$2DOI$$a10.1038/s41561-024-01457-7
000007245 037__ $$aSCART-2025-0021
000007245 100__ $$aValantinas, A 
000007245 245__ $$aEvidence for transient morning water frost deposits on the Tharsis volcanoes of Mars
000007245 260__ $$c2024
000007245 520__ $$aThe present-day water cycle on Mars has implications for habitability and future human exploration. Water ice clouds and water vapour have been detected above the Tharsis volcanic province, suggesting the active exchange of water between regolith and atmosphere. Here we report observational evidence for extensive transient morning frost deposits on the calderas of the Tharsis volcanoes (Olympus, Arsia and Ascraeus Montes, and Ceraunius Tholus) using high-resolution colour images from the Colour and Stereo Surface Imaging System on board the European Space Agency’s Trace Gas Orbiter. The transient bluish deposits appear on the caldera floor and rim in the morning during the colder Martian seasons but are not present by afternoon. The presence of water frost is supported by spectral observations, as well as independent imagery from the European Space Agency’s Mars Express orbiter. Climate model simulations further suggest that early-morning surface temperatures at the high altitudes of the volcano calderas are sufficiently low to support the daily condensation of water—but not CO2—frost. Given the unlikely seasonal nature of volcanic outgassing, we suggest the observed frost is atmospheric in origin, implying the role of microclimate in local frost formation and a contribution to the broader Mars water cycle.
000007245 594__ $$aNO
000007245 700__ $$aThomas, N.
000007245 700__ $$a Pommerol, A.
000007245 700__ $$a Karatekin, O.
000007245 700__ $$a Ruiz Lozano, L.
000007245 700__ $$a Senel, C. B.
000007245 700__ $$aTemel, O. 
000007245 700__ $$aHauber, E.
000007245 700__ $$aTirsch, D.
000007245 700__ $$a Bickel, V. T.
000007245 700__ $$aMunaretto, G.
000007245 700__ $$aPajola, M.
000007245 700__ $$aOliva, F.
000007245 700__ $$a Schmidt, F.
000007245 700__ $$aThomas, I.
000007245 700__ $$aMcEwen, A. S
000007245 700__ $$aAlmeida, M.
000007245 700__ $$a Read, M.
000007245 700__ $$a Rangarajan, V. G.
000007245 700__ $$a El-Maarry, M. R.
000007245 700__ $$a Re, C.
000007245 700__ $$aCarrozzo, F. G.
000007245 700__ $$aD'Aversa, E. 
000007245 700__ $$aDaerden, F.
000007245 700__ $$aRistic, B.
000007245 700__ $$aPatel, M. R.
000007245 700__ $$aBellucci, G. 
000007245 700__ $$aLopez-Moreno, J. J.
000007245 700__ $$aVandaele, A. C.
000007245 700__ $$aCremonese, G.
000007245 773__ $$c608-616$$n7$$pNature Geoscience$$v17$$y2024
000007245 8560_ $$fozgur.karatekin@ksb-orb.be
000007245 85642 $$ahttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01457-7
000007245 8564_ $$s8019495$$uhttp://publi2-as.oma.be/record/7245/files/s41561-024-01457-7-2.pdf
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000007245 8564_ $$s8927$$uhttp://publi2-as.oma.be/record/7245/files/s41561-024-01457-7-2.gif?subformat=icon$$xicon
000007245 905__ $$apublished in
000007245 980__ $$aREFERD