000005682 001__ 5682
000005682 005__ 20220204111314.0
000005682 0247_ $$2DOI$$a10.3390/rs14030686
000005682 037__ $$aSCART-2022-0040
000005682 100__ $$aKawo, Abdisa 
000005682 245__ $$aUnderstanding the Present-Day Spatiotemporal Variability of Precipitable Water Vapor over Ethiopia: A Comparative Study between ERA5 and GPS
000005682 260__ $$c2022
000005682 520__ $$aAtmospheric water vapor plays a crucial role in atmospheric, climate change, meteorological, and hydrological processes. In a country like Ethiopia, with its complex topography and synoptic-scale spatiotemporal circulation patterns, the analysis of the spatiotemporal variability of precipitable water vapor (PWV) is very challenging, and is hampered by the lack of long observational datasets. In this study, we process the PWV over eight Ethiopian global positioning system (GPS) sites and one close to the Ethiopian eastern border, for the available common period 2013-2020, and compare with the PWV retrieved from the state-of-the-art ERA5 reanalysis. Both PWV datasets agree very well at our sample, with correlation coefficients between 0.96 and 0.99, GPS-PWV show a moderate wet bias compared to ERA5-PWV for the majority of the sites, and an overall root mean square error of 3.4 mm. Seasonal and diurnal cycles are also well captured by these datasets. The seasonal variations of PWV and precipitation at the sites agree very well. Maximum diurnal PWV amplitudes are observed for stations near water bodies or dense vegetation, such as Arbaminch (ARMI) and Bahir Dar (BDMT). At those stations, the PWV behavior at heavy rainfall events has been investigated and an average 25% increase (resp. decrease) from 12 h before (resp. 12 h after) the start of the rainfall event, when the PWV peaks, has been observed.
000005682 594__ $$aSTCE
000005682 6531_ $$aEthiopia
000005682 6531_ $$aprecipitable water vapor
000005682 6531_ $$aGPS 
000005682 6531_ $$aERA5
000005682 700__ $$aVan Malderen, Roeland
000005682 700__ $$aPottiaux, Eric 
000005682 700__ $$aVan Schaeybroeck, Bert
000005682 773__ $$n3$$pRemote Sensing$$v14$$y2022
000005682 8560_ $$feric.pottiaux@observatoire.be
000005682 85642 $$ahttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/3/686
000005682 905__ $$apublished in
000005682 980__ $$aREFERD