000005341 001__ 5341
000005341 005__ 20210510144150.0
000005341 0247_ $$2DOI$$a10.1029/2020JE006613
000005341 037__ $$aSCART-2021-0085
000005341 100__ $$aSamuel, Henri 
000005341 245__ $$aThe Thermo-Chemical Evolution of Mars With a Strongly Stratified Mantle
000005341 260__ $$c2021
000005341 520__ $$aThe Martian mantle probably experienced an early global magma ocean stage. The crystallization and the fractionation and overturn of such a magma ocean likely led to the formation of a compositionally distinct layer at the bottom of the mantle. This layer would have been heavily enriched in iron and in heat-producing elements (HPE). The significant iron enrichment can lead to long-term stability with little mixing between the layer and the overlying mantle. We studied the influence of such an enriched basal layer on the thermal and chemical evolution of the Martian mantle using both 2-D finite-volume modeling at mantle scale, and a parameterized convection approach at the entire planetary scale. The basal layer is most likely stably stratified because of its moderate thickness and/or its gradual enrichment in iron with depth that prevents the development of convection in this region. We explored a wide parameter space in our parameterized models, including the layer thickness and the mantle rheology. We show that the presence of an enriched basal layer has a dramatic influence on the thermo-chemical evolution of Mars, strongly delaying deep cooling, and significantly affecting nearly all present-day characteristics of the planet (heat flux, thermal state, crustal and lithospheric thickness, Love number and tidal dissipation). In particular, the enrichment of the layer in iron and HPE generates large volumes of stable melt near the core-mantle boundary. Due to their intrinsic low viscosity and seismic velocities, these regions of silicate melt could be erroneously interpreted as core material.
000005341 594__ $$aNO
000005341 6531_ $$aconductive layer; Love number; Mars mantle deep layering; Mars' seismic structure; Mars' thermo-chemical evolution; Mars tidal dissipation
000005341 700__ $$aBallmer, Maxim D. 
000005341 700__ $$aPadovan, Sebastiano 
000005341 700__ $$aTosi, Nicola 
000005341 700__ $$aRivoldini, Attilio 
000005341 700__ $$aPlesa, Ana-Catalina
000005341 773__ $$n4$$pJournal of Geophysical Research: Planets$$v126$$y2021
000005341 8560_ $$fattilio.rivoldini@observatoire.be
000005341 8564_ $$s6493990$$uhttp://publi2-as.oma.be/record/5341/files/Samuel2021ud57.pdf
000005341 8564_ $$s21387$$uhttp://publi2-as.oma.be/record/5341/files/Samuel2021ud57.gif?subformat=icon$$xicon
000005341 8564_ $$s21731$$uhttp://publi2-as.oma.be/record/5341/files/Samuel2021ud57.jpg?subformat=icon-180$$xicon-180
000005341 905__ $$apublished in
000005341 980__ $$aREFERD