000005131 001__ 5131
000005131 005__ 20210118144406.0
000005131 0247_ $$2DOI$$a10.1029/2020EA001121
000005131 037__ $$aSCART-2021-0011
000005131 100__ $$aVan Malderen, R.
000005131 245__ $$aHomogenizing GPS Integrated Water Vapor Time Series: Benchmarking Break Detection Methods on Synthetic Data Sets
000005131 260__ $$c2020
000005131 520__ $$aWe assess the performance of different break detection methods on three sets of benchmark data sets, each consisting of 120 daily time series of integrated water vapor differences. These differences are generated from the Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements at 120 sites worldwide, and the numerical weather prediction reanalysis (ERA‐Interim) integrated water vapor output, which serves as the reference series here. The benchmark includes homogeneous and inhomogeneous sections with added nonclimatic shifts (breaks) in the latter. Three different variants of the benchmark time series are produced, with increasing complexity, by adding autoregressive noise of the first order to the white noise model and the periodic behavior and consecutively by adding gaps and allowing nonclimatic trends. The purpose of this “complex experiment” is to examine the performance of break detection methods in a more realistic case when the reference series are not homogeneous. We evaluate the performance of break detection methods with skill scores, centered root mean square errors (CRMSE), and trend differences relative to the trends of the homogeneous series. We found that most methods underestimate the number of breaks and have a significant number of false detections. Despite this, the degree of CRMSE reduction is significant (roughly between 40% and 80%) in the easy to moderate experiments, with the ratio of trend bias reduction is even exceeding the 90% of the raw data error. For the complex experiment, the improvement ranges between 15% and 35% with respect to the raw data, both in terms of RMSE and trend estimations.
000005131 594__ $$aSTCE
000005131 6531_ $$aGNSS
000005131 6531_ $$aGPS
000005131 6531_ $$awater vapour
000005131 6531_ $$aobservation
000005131 6531_ $$ahomogenisation
000005131 6531_ $$abenchmark
000005131 700__ $$aPottiaux, E.  
000005131 700__ $$aKlos, A. 
000005131 700__ $$aDomonkos, P.
000005131 700__ $$aElias, M.  
000005131 700__ $$aNing, T.  
000005131 700__ $$aBock, O.
000005131 700__ $$aGuijarro, J.
000005131 700__ $$aAlshawaf, F.
000005131 700__ $$aHoseini, M.
000005131 700__ $$aQuarello, A.
000005131 700__ $$aLebarbier, E.
000005131 700__ $$aChimani, B.
000005131 700__ $$aTornatore, V.
000005131 700__ $$aZengin Kazancı, S.
000005131 700__ $$aBogusz, J.
000005131 773__ $$n5$$pEarth and Space Science$$v7$$y2020
000005131 8560_ $$feric.pottiaux@observatoire.be
000005131 85642 $$ahttps://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2020EA001121
000005131 905__ $$apublished in
000005131 980__ $$aREFERD