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  <controlfield tag="001">4269</controlfield>
  <controlfield tag="005">20190916143757.0</controlfield>
  <datafield tag="037" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">CTALK-2019-0123</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="100" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Morel, L. </subfield>
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  <datafield tag="245" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Global validity and behaviour of tropospheric gradients estimated by GPS</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="260" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="c">2019</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="269" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="c">2019-07-16</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Estimation of tropospheric gradients in GNSS data processing is a well-known technique to improve positioning. Today, they are routinely estimated by several global and regional GNSS analysis centres but they are still not yet used for operational meteorology. We discuss the physical meaning of tropospheric gradients estimated from GPS observations recorded by more than 50 permanent stations located all around the world. We estimated Zenith Total Delay (ZTD) and tropospheric gradients using the software GIPSY-OASIS II version 6.4 in order to retrieve gradient estimations, with a focus on regions with significant relief. We observe that gradient directions are stable over the time and pointed toward the relief for most of the stations selected. Based on these results, we formulate why gradients have this particular direction when stations are closed to high mountains.</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="594" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">STCE</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Durand, F. </subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Moudni, O. </subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Pottiaux, E. </subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Follin, J.M. </subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Durand, S. </subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Van Baelen, J. </subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="773" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="t">International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, Montreal, Canada</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="856" ind1="0" ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="f">eric.pottiaux@observatoire.be</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="906" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Contributed</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">CTALKCONT</subfield>
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