000003927 001__ 3927
000003927 005__ 20220914144734.0
000003927 0247_ $$2DOI$$a10.1088/1681-7575/aaf2bc
000003927 037__ $$aSCART-2019-0073
000003927 100__ $$aGarbin, Esteban
000003927 245__ $$aAbsolute calibration of GNSS timing stations and its applicability to real signals
000003927 260__ $$c2018
000003927 520__ $$aThis paper details techniques for the absolute calibration of receiver chains as used in timing reference stations. The delays experienced by the GNSS signals in all elements of the receiving chain (antenna, receiver and cable) are each measured individually and with careful consideration regarding the uncertainty level assigned to them. Two different receiving chains based on different equipment units, were absolutely calibrated for GPS and Galileo signals. The calibration process and the uncertainty evaluation were then validated through the relative comparison in common clock setup in different real environments. The validation results show that some additional uncertainty has to be considered when the absolute calibration results are transferred to real signals, due to the real environment and to the difference between the chip shapes of the simulated signals and of the true signals coming from the satellites. The final 1 − σ uncertainties are below 1.1 ns for all the GPS and Galileo signals, except 1.8 ns for GPS C/A. The satellite group delays are also determined from the calibrated stations. An agreement at the ns level is found between the so-determined satellite group delays and the values provided by the system operators.
000003927 536__ $$aAccurate calibration of multi-system/$$cmulti-frequency GNSS receiver chain (AKAL) project./$$fmulti-frequency GNSS receiver chain (AKAL) project.
000003927 594__ $$aNO
000003927 700__ $$aDefraigne, Pascale
000003927 700__ $$aKrystek, Piotr
000003927 700__ $$aPiriz, Ricardo
000003927 700__ $$aBertrand, Bruno
000003927 700__ $$aWaller, Pierre
000003927 773__ $$n1$$pMetrologia$$v56$$y2018
000003927 8560_ $$fbruno.bertrand@observatoire.be
000003927 85642 $$ahttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1681-7575/aaf2bc
000003927 905__ $$apublished in
000003927 980__ $$aREFERD